Emperors of Japan
From SamuraiWiki
The succession of Emperors as described in the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki cannot be taken at face-value. Neither can the presented dates for those before reign of Emperor Kimmei, who ruled from 539 to 571[1] be trusted.
The following list has been divided up by eras, and most importantly by those that fall under the "mythological" or "historical" categories. Emperor Sujin is believed to have been the first "historical" Emperor (being the first Emperor to rule in the growing Yamato region) after the tribal confederacies that had held power previously--this does not mean, however, that he and those that followed did not have highly ficionalized lives.
Recent scholarship has raised the possibility that Emperors Seimu and Chûai, and Empress Jingû were completely ficticious characters[2]. This assertion could very well apply to many other early Emperors, while others are most likely composite figures--an amalgamation of various important figures in early Japan.
Contents |
Mythological
1. Jimmu 660 - 582 BC
2. Suizei 581 - 549
3. Annei 549 - 511
4. Itoku 510 - 476
5. Kôshô 475 - 393
6. Kôan 392 - 291
7. Kôrei 290 - 215
8. Kôgen 214 - 158
9. Kaika 157 - 98
Historical
10. Sujin 97-30
11. Suinin 29 BC- 70 AD
12. Keiko 71 - 130
13. Seimu 131 - 191
14. Chûai 192 - 200
- Jingû 209 - 269 (Regent)
15. Ôjin 270 - 310
16. Nintoku 313 - 399
17. Richû 400 - 405
18. Hanzei 406 - 410
19. Ingyô 411 - 453
20. Ankô 453 - 456
21. Yûryaku 456 - 479
22. Seinei 480 - 484
23. Kenso 485 - 487
24. Ninken 488 - 498
25. Buretsu 498 - 506
26. Keitai 507 - 531
27. Ankan 531 - 536
Asuka Period 飛鳥時代
28. Senka 536 - 539
29. Kimmei 540 - 571
30. Bidatsu 572 - 585
31. Yomei 585 - 587
32. Sushun 588 - 592
33. Suiko 593 - 628
34. Jomei 629 - 641
35. Kogyoku (Saimei) 642 - 644
36. Kotoku (Taika) 645 - 654
37. Saimei 655 - 660
38. Tenji 661 - 670
39. Kobun 671 - 672
40. Temmu 673 - 685
41. Jito 686 - 696
42. Mommu 697 - 706
Nara Period 奈良時代
43. Gemmei 707-714
44. Genshô(Yoro) 715-723
45. Shomu 724-749
46. Koken(Shotoku) 749-758
47. Junnin 758-763
48. Shotoku(Koken) 764-770
49. Konin 770-780
Heian Period 平安時代
50. Kammu 781-806
51. Heizei 806-809
52. Saga 809-823
53. Junna 823-833
54. Nimmyo 833-850
55. Montoku 850-858
56. Seiwa 858-876
57. Yozei 877-884
58. Koko 884-887
59. Uda 887-897
60. Daigo 897-930
61. Suzaku 930-946
62. Murakami 946-967
63. Reizei 967-969
64. Enyu 969-984
65. Kazan 984-986
66. Ichijô 986-1011
67. Sanjo 1011-1016
68. Go-Ichijô 1016-1036
69. Go-Suzaku 1036-1045
70. Go-Reizei 1045-1068
71. Go-Sanjo 1068-1072
72. Shirakawa 1072-1086
73. Horikawa 1086-1107
74. Toba 1107-1123
75. Sutoku 1123-1141
76. Konoe 1141-1155
77. Go-Shirakawa 1155-1158
78. Nijô 1158-1165
79. Rokujô 1165-1168
80. Takakura 1168-1180
81. Antoku 1180-1183
Kamakura Period 鎌倉時代
82. Go-Toba 1183-1198
83. Tsuchimikado 1198-1210
84. Juntoku 1201-1221
85. Chukyo 1221
86. Go-Horikawa 1221-1232
87. Shijo 1232-1242
88. Go-Saga 1232-1242
89. Go-Fukakusa 1246-1259
90. Kameyama 1259-1274
91. Go-Uda 1274-1287
92. Fushimi 1288-1298
93. Go-Fushimi 1298-1301
94. Go-Nijô 1301-1308
95. Hanazono 1308-1318
Muromachi Period 室町時代
96. Go-Daigo 1318-1339
97. Go-Murakami 1339-1367
98. Chokei 1368-1383
99. Go-Kameyama 1383-1392
Northern Court
- Kôgon 1331-1333
- Kômyô 1336-1347
- Sukô 1348-1351
- Go-Kôgon 1352-1370
- Go-En'yû 1371-1372
100. Go-Komatsu 1392-1412
101. Shôkô 1412-1427
102. Go-Hanazono 1428-1463
103. Go-Tsuchimakado 1464-1499
104. Go-Kashiwabara 1500-1525
105. Go-Nara 1526-1556
106. Ôgimachi 1557-1585
107. Go-Yôzei 1586-1610
Edo Period 江戸時代
108. Go-Mizunoo 1611-1629
109. Meishô 1629-1643
110. Go-Kômyô 1643-1653
111. Go-Sai 1654-1662
112. Reigen 1663-1686
113. Higashiyama 1687-1709
114. Nakamikado 1709-1735
115. Sakuramachi 1735-1746
116. Momozono 1747-1761
117. Go-Sakuramachi 1762-1770
118. Go-Momozono 1770-1778
119. Kokaku 1779-1816
120. Ninko 1817-1845
121. Komei 1846-1867
Meiji Period 明治時代
122. Meiji 1868-1912
Modern Era 現代
123. Taishô 1912 - 1926
124. Shôwa 1926 - 1989
125. Heisei 1989 - Present
Emperors and Eras
| Emperor | Era | Kanji | Start Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kotoku | 645 | ||
| Taika | 大化 | 645 | |
| Hakuchi | 白雉 | 650 | |
| Saimei | 655 | ||
| Tenji | 661 | ||
| Kobun | 671 | ||
| Temmu | 673 | ||
| Jito | 686 | ||
| Shuchô | 朱鳥 | 686 | |
| Mommu | 697 | ||
| Taihô | 大宝 | 701 | |
| Keiun | 慶雲 | 704 | |
| Gemmei | 707 | ||
| Yôrô | 養老 | 708 | |
| Genshô | 715 | ||
| Reiki | 霊亀 | 715 | |
| Yôwa | 養和 | 717 | |
| Shomu | 724 | ||
| Jinki | 神亀 | 724 | |
| Tenpyô | 天平 | 729 | |
| Koken | 749 | ||
| Tenpyô-shôhô | 天平勝宝 | 749 | |
| Tenpyô-kanpô | 天平感宝 | 749 | |
| Tenpyô-hôji | 天平宝字 | 757 | |
| Junnin | 758 | ||
| Shotoku | 764 | ||
| Tenpyô-jingo | 天平神護 | 765 | |
| Jingo-keiun | 神護景雲 | 767 | |
| Hôki | 宝亀 | 770 | |
| Kammu | 781 | ||
| Ten'ô | 天応 | 781 | |
| Enryaku | 延暦 | 782 | |
| Heizei | 806 | ||
| Daidô | 大同 | 806 | |
| Saga | 809 | ||
| Kônin | 弘仁 | 810 | |
| Junna | 823 | ||
| Tenchô | 天長 | 824 | |
| Nimmyo | 833 | ||
| Jôwa | 承和 | 834 | |
| Kajô | 嘉祥 | 848 | |
| Montoku | 850 | ||
| Ninju | 仁寿 | 851 | |
| Saikô | 斉衡 | 854 | |
| Tennan | 天安 | 857 | |
| Seiwa | 858 | ||
| Jôgan | 貞観 | 859 | |
| Yozei | 877 | ||
| Gangyô | 元慶 | 877 | |
| Koko | 884 | ||
| Ninna | 仁和 | 885 | |
| Uda | 887 | ||
| Kanpyô | 寛平 | 889 | |
| Daigo | 897 | ||
| Shôtai | 昌泰 | 898 | |
| Engi | 延喜 | 901 | |
| Enchô | 延長 | 923 | |
| Suzaku | 930 | ||
| Jôhei | 承平 | 931 | |
| Tengyô | 天慶 | 938 | |
| Murakami | 946 | ||
| Tenshô | 天正 | 947 | |
| Ten'yô | 天養 | 957 | |
| Ôwa | 応和 | 961 | |
| Kôhô | 康保 | 964 | |
| Reizei | 967 | ||
| Anna | 安和 | 968 | |
| Enyu | 969 | ||
| Tenryaku | 天暦 | 970 | |
| Ten'en | 天延 | 973 | |
| Jôgen | 貞元 | 976 | |
| Tengen | 天元 | 978 | |
| Eikan | 永観 | 983 | |
| Kazan | 984 | ||
| Kanna | 寛和 | 985 | |
| Ichijô | 986 | ||
| Eien | 永延 | 987 | |
| Eiso | 永祚 | 988 | |
| Shôryaku | 正暦 | 990 | |
| Chôtoku | 長徳 | 995 | |
| Chôhô | 長保 | 999 | |
| Kankô | 寛弘 | 1004 | |
| Sanjo | 1011 | ||
| Chôwa | 長和 | 1012 | |
| Go-Ichijô | 1016 | ||
| Kannin | 寛仁 | 1017 | |
| Jian | 治安 | 1021 | |
| Manju | 万寿 | 1024 | |
| Chôgen | 長元 | 1028 | |
| Go-Suzaku | 1036 | ||
| Chôryaku | 長暦 | 1037 | |
| Chôkyû | 長久 | 1040 | |
| Kantoku | 寛徳 | 1044 | |
| Go-Reizei | 1045 | ||
| Eishô | 永承 | 1046 | |
| Tengi | 天喜 | 1053 | |
| Kôhei | 康平 | 1058 | |
| Jiryaku | 治暦 | 1065 | |
| Go-Sanjo | 1068 | ||
| Enkyû | 延久 | 1069 | |
| Shirakawa | 1072 | ||
| Jôhô | 承保 | 1074 | |
| Jôryaku | 承暦 | 1077 | |
| Eihô | 永保 | 1081 | |
| Ôtoku | 応徳 | 1084 | |
| Horikawa | 1086 | ||
| Kanji | 寛治 | 1087 | |
| Kahô | 嘉保 | 1094 | |
| Eichô | 永長 | 1096 | |
| Jôtoku | 承徳 | 1097 | |
| Kôwa | 康和 | 1099 | |
| Chôji | 長治 | 1104 | |
| Kajô | 嘉承 | 1106 | |
| Toba | 1107 | ||
| Tennin | 天仁 | 1108 | |
| Ten'ei | 天永 | 1110 | |
| Eikyû | 永久 | 1113 | |
| Gen'ei | 元永 | 1118 | |
| Hôan | 保安 | 1120 | |
| Sutoku | 1123 | ||
| Tenji | 天治 | 1124 | |
| Daiji | 大治 | 1126 | |
| Tentoku | 天徳 | 1131 | |
| Chôshô | 長承 | 1132 | |
| Hôen | 保延 | 1135 | |
| Konoe | 1141 | ||
| Eiji | 永治 | 1141 | |
| Kôji | 康治 | 1142 | |
| Tokuji | 徳治 | 1144 | |
| Kyûan | 久安 | 1145 | |
| Ninpei | 仁平 | 1151 | |
| Kyûju | 久寿 | 1154 | |
| Go-Shirakawa | 1155 | ||
| Hôgen | 保元 | 1156 | |
| Nijô | 1158 | ||
| Heiji | 平治 | 1159 | |
| Eiryaku | 永暦 | 1160 | |
| Ôhô | 応保 | 1161 | |
| Chôkan | 長寛 | 1163 | |
| Rokujô | 1165 | ||
| Eiman | 永万 | 1165 | |
| Ninnan | 仁安 | 1166 | |
| Takakura | 1168 | ||
| Kaô | 嘉応 | 1169 | |
| Jôan | 承安 | 1171 | |
| Angen | 安元 | 1175 | |
| Jishô | 治承 | 1177 | |
| Antoku | 1180 | ||
| 1181 | |||
| Juei | 寿永 | 1182 | |
| Go-Toba | 1183 | ||
| Genryaku | 元暦 | 1184 | |
| Bunji | 文治 | 1185 | |
| Kenkyû | 建久 | 1190 | |
| Tsuchimikado | 1198 | ||
| Shôji | 正治 | 1199 | |
| Juntoku | 1201 | ||
| Kennin | 建仁 | 1201 | |
| Genkyû | 元久 | 1204 | |
| Ken'ei | 建永 | 1206 | |
| Jôgen | 承元 | 1207 | |
| Kenryaku | 建暦 | 1211 | |
| Kenpô] | 建保 | 1213 | |
| Jôkyû | 承久 | 1219 | |
| Chukyo | 1221 | ||
| Go-Horikawa | 1221 | ||
| Jôô | 貞応 | 1222 | |
| Gennin | 元仁 | 1224 | |
| Karoku | 嘉禄 | 1225 | |
| Antei | 安貞 | 1227 | |
| Kanki | 寛喜 | 1229 | |
| Go-Saga | 1232 | ||
| Shijo | 1232 | ||
| Jôei | 貞永 | 1232 | |
| Tenpuku | 天福 | 1233 | |
| Bunryaku | 文暦 | 1234 | |
| Katei | 嘉禎 | 1235 | |
| Ryakunin | 暦仁 | 1238 | |
| En'ô | 延応 | 1239 | |
| Ninji | 仁治 | 1240 | |
| Kangen | 寛元 | 1243 | |
| Go-Fukakusa | 1246 | ||
| Hôji | 宝治 | 1247 | |
| Kenchô | 建長 | 1249 | |
| Kôgen | 康元 | 1256 | |
| Shôka | 正嘉 | 1257 | |
| Kameyama | 1259 | ||
| Shôgen | 正元 | 1259 | |
| Bun'ô | 文応 | 1260 | |
| Kôcho | 弘長 | 1261 | |
| Bun'ei | 文永 | 1264 | |
| Go-Uda | 1274 | ||
| Kenji | 建治 | 1275 | |
| Kôan | 弘安 | 1278 | |
| Fushimi | 1288 | ||
| Shôô | 正応 | 1288 | |
| Einin | 永仁 | 1293 | |
| Go-Fushimi | 1298 | ||
| Shôan | 正安 | 1299 | |
| Go-Nijô | 1301 | ||
| Kengen | 乾元 | 1302 | |
| Kagen | 嘉元 | 1303 | |
| Wadô | 和銅 | 1306 | |
| Hanazono | 1308 | ||
| Enkei | 延慶 | 1308 | |
| Ôchô | 応長 | 1311 | |
| Shôwa | 正和 | 1312 | |
| Bunpô | 文保 | 1317 | |
| Nanboku Court Period | |||
| Shoko | 1412 | ||
| Go-Hanazono | 1428 | ||
| Shôchô | 正長 | 1428 | |
| Eikyô | 永享 | 1429 | |
| Kakitsu | 嘉吉 | 1441 | |
| Bun'an | 文安 | 1444 | |
| Hôtoku | 宝徳 | 1449 | |
| Kyôtoku | 享徳 | 1452 | |
| Kôshô | 康正 | 1455 | |
| Chôroku | 長禄 | 1457 | |
| Kanshô | 寛正 | 1460 | |
| Go-Tsuchimakado | 1464 | ||
| Bunshô | 文正 | 1466 | |
| Ônin | 応仁 | 1467 | |
| Bunmei | 文明 | 1469 | |
| Chôkyô | 長享 | 1487 | |
| Entoku | 延徳 | 1489 | |
| Meiô | 明応 | 1492 | |
| Go-Kashiwabara | 1500 | ||
| Bunki | 文亀 | 1501 | |
| Eishô | 永正 | 1504 | |
| Daiei | 大永 | 1521 | |
| Go-Nara | 1526 | ||
| Kyôroku | 享禄 | 1528 | |
| Tenbun | 天文 | 1532 | |
| Kôji | 弘治 | 1555 | |
| Ogimachi | 1557 | ||
| Eiroku | 永禄 | 1558 | |
| Genki | 元亀 | 1570 | |
| Tenshô] | 天承 | 1573 | |
| Go-Yozei | 1586 | ||
| Bunroku | 文禄 | 1592 | |
| Keichô | 慶長 | 1596 | |
| Go-Mizunoo | 1611 | ||
| Genna | 元和 | 1615 | |
| Kan'ei | 寛永 | 1624 | |
| Meishô | 1629 | ||
| Go-Kômyô | 1643 | ||
| Shôhô | 正保 | 1644 | |
| Keian | 慶安 | 1648 | |
| Jôô | 承応 | 1652 | |
| Go-Sai | 1654 | ||
| Meireki | 明暦 | 1655 | |
| Manji | 万治 | 1658 | |
| Kanbun | 寛文 | 1661 | |
| Reigen | 1663 | ||
| Enpô | 延宝 | 1673 | |
| Tenna | 天和 | 1681 | |
| Jôkyô | 貞享 | 1684 | |
| Higashiyama | 1687 | ||
| Genroku | 元禄 | 1688 | |
| Hôei | 宝永 | 1704 | |
| Nakamikado | 1709 | ||
| Shôtoku | 正徳 | 1711 | |
| Kyôhô | 享保 | 1716 | |
| Sakuramachi | 1735 | ||
| Genbun | 元文 | 1736 | |
| Kanpô | 寛保 | 1741 | |
| Enkyô | 延享 | 1744 | |
| Momozono | 1747 | ||
| Kan'en | 寛延 | 1748 | |
| Hôreki | 宝暦 | 1751 | |
| Go-Sakuramachi | 1762 | ||
| Meiwa | 明和 | 1764 | |
| Go-Momozono | 1770 | ||
| An'ei | 安永 | 1772 | |
| Kokaku | 1779 | ||
| Tenmei | 天明 | 1781 | |
| Kansei | 寛政 | 1789 | |
| Kyôwa | 享和 | 1801 | |
| Bunka | 文化 | 1804 | |
| Ninko | 1817 | ||
| Bunsei | 文政 | 1818 | |
| Tenpô | 天保 | 1830 | |
| Kôka | 弘化 | 1844 | |
| Komei | 1846 | ||
| Kaei | 嘉永 | 1848 | |
| Ansei | 安政 | 1854 | |
| Man'en | 万延 | 1860 | |
| Bunkyû | 文久 | 1861 | |
| Genji | 元治 | 1864 | |
| Keiô | 慶応 | 1865 | |
| Meiji | 1868 | ||
| Meiji | 明治 | 1868 | |
| Taisho | 1912 | ||
| Taishô | 大正 | 1912 | |
| Showa | 1926 | ||
| Shôwa | 昭和 | 1926 | |
| Heisei | 1989 | ||
| Heisei | 平成 | 1989 | |
Notes
- ↑ Funke, Mark C. Hitachi no Kuni Fudoki. Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 49, No. 1. (Spring, 1994), page 11.
- ↑ Edwards, Walter. In Pursuit of Himiko. Postwar Archaeology and the Location of Yamatai. Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 51, No. 1. (Spring, 1996), page 60n.